Symbiosis

Catalog description

Mutualisms (interactions between two species that benefit both of them) occur in every habitat on Earth, and nearly every species on the planet is involved directly or indirectly in one or more of these interactions. The influence of mutualisms transcends levels of biological organization from cells to populations, communities and ecosystems. Mutualistic associations, such as our microbiome and agricultural symbioses, are critical for human health and welfare. Mutualistic symbioses played a fundamental role on the origin of the eukaryotic cells and the evolution of multicellularity. In addition to the key role played by mutualism in the evolution of complex lifeforms on earth, mutualistic association are instrumental to understand how some important ecosystems such coral reefs and hydrothermal vents function. Mutualistic symbioses are critical for nutrient cycling in the environment and the reproduction and dispersal of numerous plant and animal species. This course will focus on unifying concepts that cut across different forms of mutualism. We will explain and tests these concepts analyzing classic examples of mutualisms. We will define and categorize the diverse array of symbiosis occurring in nature. We will explore the evolutionary origins and implications of mutualistic symbiosis, investigate the population, community and ecosystem ecology of mutualisms and we will assess current anthropogenic threats to mutualisms, their potential for resilience and the role of mutualisms in conservation. Finally, we will explore in detail the metabolic linkages using selected nutritional symbiotic mutualisms examples. The course combines in-class and online teaching, as well as a weekly discussion session, in which the students are responsible for selecting one primary scientific article, prepare a brief presentation and lead a critical discussion session in front of the class. The course takes advantage of the technology-rich Bluebox experimental classroom. This learning space has been designed to support active, collaborative learning experiences increasing student engagement.