Animal Genetics and Selection - Honors

Catalog description

Fundamental principles of genetics as applied to breeding farm animals. ANSC 322H Animal Genetics and Selection - Honors (3) This course teaches fundamental concepts related to genetic variation and how genetic change occurs in domestic animal populations. Students are introduced to the structure of animal genomes and molecular genetics. We discuss transcription, translation and factors that alter gene expression. Examples of mutations that underlie phenotypic variation are given and the contrast between traits influenced by single genes versus variation across the genome is emphasized. Students will learn how genetic material is passed from parent to offspring and how principles of inheritance are extended to populations. The concept of heritability for quantitative traits and factors that determine breeding values and the rate of genetic change for quantitative traits are considered. We discuss how biotechnologies can be used to alter genetic response in domestic animals, how genetic change for one trait can alter expression of correlated traits, and the animal welfare consequences that can arise due to genetic change. Genetic relationships among animals and inbreeding control strategies such as crossbreeding are considered. Students are also exposed to controversial issues relating to genetics and selection. The course consists of textbook and online readings, classroom activities and a laboratory section dedicated to problem solving. Students participate in a breeding simulation and contrast population genetic change throughout semester to changes observed by their classmates. Honors students will research genetic selection or conservation programs for a species of their choice early in the semester. The student will submit a report that details the traits emphasized in the breeding program, how animals are evaluated for genetic merit, methods and cost of seedstock dissemination, and genetic trends for the species. This information will be used to guide selection decisions made during the breeding simulation. At the end of the breeding simulation, students will select an animal they developed during the semester and create a marketing report for the animal that details their genetic merit, pedigree, level of inbreeding, and performance of progeny.