LEAST SQUARES ADJUSTMENTS

Catalog description

Examines the theory of random error and statistical testing. Discusses the propagation of error in both indirect observations and direct observations from survey. Studies weights of observations and the principles of least squares. Explains how to adjust redundant observations in level nets, horizontal surveys, GNSS networks, and GNSS and terrestrial survey networks by least squares. Estimates the error ellipses of the adjusted observations. Evaluates methods for performing coordinate transformations.