REL 314

Hope or Terror? Gandhi and the Other 9/11

James Madison University · UGRD · Fall 2026

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Humanity has a double legacy, symbolized in two 9/11s, one at each end of the twentieth century, carrying opposite messages. The 9/11 of 2001, when terrorist Osama bin Laden attacked America; and the less remembered, the 9/11 of 1906, when the apostle of peace Mahatma Gandhi launched a new way of waging conflict that can lead humanity from the mire of hatred into the clear land of peace. This course tells the story of the older 9/11: the story of Satyagraha, the way of nonviolence and truth.

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Class #james_madison-4389Fall 2026UGRD3 credits
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